In-Vitro Establishment of Six Arabica Coffee Varieties (Coffea arabica) Using Embryo Culture

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the performance of the different Arabica coffee varieties through embryo culture; to determine the best culture media suited for the different Arabica coffee varieties and to produce disease free planting materials of Arabica coffee The effects of the different culture media composition were observed on the different Arabica coffee varieties. Results showed that all culture media used in the study produced chlorophyll pigments. Callus formation were also produced on all culture media, however, MS + 8 ppm BA + .5 ppm IAA produced the most callus. Earlier callus to shoot formation was observed on MS + 3 ppm GA3 + 1 ppm Kinetin. MS + 3 ppm GA3 + 1 ppm Kinetin promoted faster growth resulting to taller plantlets while MS + 1 ppm IAA + 5 ppm Kinetin promoted longer length roots. Earlier root formation was observed on MS + 1 ppm GA3 while highest number of roots were formed on MS + 1 ppm NAA + .1 ppm Kinetin + 5% Coconut water. MS + 8 ppm BA + .5 ppm IAA promoted shoot formation while MS + 1 ppm BA produced the highest number of nodes. San Ramon produced more callus among the Arabica coffee varieties while Mondo Nuvo had the shortest number of days from callus initiation to shoot formation. This variety also produced the most number of nodes. Tallest plantlets were observed on Typica and Red Bourbon however, most number of shoots were counted on Red Bourbon. Longest roots were measured on Typica while most number of roots on Mondo Nuvo and Red Bourbon. Earlier root formation was observed on Yellow Caturra. Thus, using MS + 1 ppm GA3 and MS + 8 ppm BA + .5 ppm IAA is recommended to induce earlier and more callus formation. To produce more shoots, MS + 8 ppm BA + .5 ppm IAA is recommended. MS + 3 ppm GA3 + 1 ppm Kinetin produces taller shoot. For in vitro rooting, MS + 1 ppm GA3 is recommended for earlier root formation while MS + 1 ppm NAA + .1 ppm Kinetin + 5% Coconut water is recommended to produce more roots. For longer roots, growing explants in MS + 1 ppm IAA + 5 ppm Kinetin is recommended.