http://repository.bsu.edu.ph/handle/123456789/155 2026-04-15T22:50:23Z http://repository.bsu.edu.ph/handle/123456789/460 Production Environment and Management of Native Chickens (Gallus gallus) in Rizal, Kalinga Province Daodawin, Joan The survey was conducted in the top eight barangays of Rizal, Kalinga primarily to determine the personal and socio-economic profile of the respondents; flock management of native chicken in terms of production and market; aspect of native chicken production such as management environment; the problems encountered by the respondents in native chicken production; and generate information of the geographical distribution of the native chicken from February 25 to April 24, 2016. The data were gathered through interview. Frequency distribution, percentage, and mean rating were used for statistical analysis. A total of 384 respondents from the eight barangays of Rizal, Kalinga were selected with (60.42%) male and (39.29%) females with the middle age between 41-50 years old and a family size of 5-8 (52.86%). The respondents were engaged in raising native chicken with almost 19-26 (31.51%) years. Most of them were high school level (54.69%) and were laborers (36.985). Native chickens were raised by the respondents as their source of income, food and for socio-cultural use. They also prefer raising native chicken because of the low input requirement, resistant to diseases and parasites, thrive well to locally available resources, require little attention on production aspects, prolific, and command higher price in the market. All of the respondents allowed the hen to incubate the eggs and brood the chicks naturally. It can be concluded that native chickens are good brooders and that natural incubation is more economical. They usually kept 1-5 hens, 1-4 pullets, 1-5 cocks, and 10-14 chicks with a clutch size of 11-15 (51.563%) and a creamy white egg shell color. A nest made of bamboo basket were used for laying their eggs. Almost all of the raisers used traditional feedstuff which includes kitchen refuse, unmarketable/rotten fruits and vegetables, farm by-products, rice bran and root crops. They are usually allowed to move freely to receive supplementary feeds in the day and confined at night under the tree or farm houses in simple sheds. Problems encountered by the raisers were diseases, parasites, and predators. The common diseases that were encountered are colds, avian pest, chicken pox, and other diseases. Rat, cat, dog and lice were some of the parasites and diseases encountered by the raisers. Lack of veterinary facilities, extension facilities and marketing from the government were the main problems encountered by the raisers in the area. The study recommended that seminars and trainings may be conducted to strengthen the knowledge of the native chicken raisers. Thus, proper management and sanitation must observed by the raisers. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.bsu.edu.ph/handle/123456789/434 Indigenous Practices on Rice Production in Barangay Tulgao, Tinglayan, Kalinga Banya-ao, Julius The research was conducted in Tulgao, Tinglayan, Kalinga from February to May 2016 to determine the profile of the respondents, indigenous knowledge and practices on rice production, advantages of indigenous practices in rice production and the problems encountered by farmers using indigenous practices in rice production. The interview questionnaires and personal interview was used in data collection and other important information regarding the research. The respondent has a total of forty individual. Most of them are dependent on rice farming, the community had different rice varieties like ummuroy, ngoporan, hirapun, chay-ot, ingtan, tinalubin,and mirasgwa. Aside from rice farming; planting legumes, vegetables, root crops and having handicraft skills and sari-sari store are provide complementary source of income to the family. As to the indigenous practices employed in rice production, majority of the respondents or farmers are following cultural knowledge inherited from their forebears. They practiced theto-or, a common traditional holiday in the community pertaining to rice production. They believed that performing such belief will lead to the community’s bountiful harvest. They prepare their rice farms manually with the use of carabao and local tools for tilling and cleaning the fields. The sowing of palay seeds takes place within November to December and followed by transplanting in the month of February to late in May. The seeds are sown in a wet condition in a specific portion of paddies and this is only performed by women together the transplanting activity. The harvesting time starts on June until late September. The practiced of ababwhujog or bayanihan system in land preparation particularly clearing the farms, during transplanting and harvesting still exists to make the work easier to finish. It is also a way of socialization to others during these activities and more importantly a way to help one another. The people in the community believed that practicing the cultural knowledge on rice production taught by their forefathers lead them for better harvest. It is also a way of preserving the indigenous practices for the next generations to follow. As to the problems being encountered by the farmers, natural calamities particularly typhoon and earthquake are major problem during the production that cause destruction on rice fields and canals. Furthermore the occurrence of pests like rodents, birds or tilin, snails, changaw or stink bugs and ondok newly observed soil borne tiny worms that infest roots of rice. Eventhough, they still continue practicing using the indigenous practices in rice production and make remedies to address their problems encountered during the production of rice. This is a master’s thesis regarding indigenous practices on rice production in barangay Tulgao, Tinglayan, Kalinga. 2016-06-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.bsu.edu.ph/handle/123456789/289 Marketing Practices of Coffee Producers in Bantay, Tabuk City, Kalinga Tongyofen, Ruby Lizette The study was conducted to identify the marketing practices, market outlets preferred and the problems encountered by the coffee producers in Bantay, Tabuk City, Kalinga. It was conducted from December 2012 to January 2013. The producers were planting different coffee varieties such as Robusta, Arabica, and Excelsa which were sold to the local market or retailer in Tabuk City and Nestle Philippines Incorporated located at Tuguegarao City. The producers performed different marketing practices such as cleaning, grading, packaging, and transporting their produce. According to majority of the respondents, they encountered problem during milling of coffee because there was only one coffee milling center in the barangay. Some of them encountered problems on drying their produce during rainy season. Another problem they mentioned was price fluctuation. The coping mechanisms of producers for the problem encountered during coffee milling said that they should early in the milling area because of the “first come, first serve” basis. The coping mechanism of producers for price fluctuation was to wait for a better price by storing the product while the coping mechanism for the problems on drying during rainy seasons was by doing fire dried. It was done by putting the coffee one meter away from the fire to dry. This is Master's thesis regarding marketing practices of coffee producers in Bantay, Tabuk City, Kalinga. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z